Spermine is one of polyamide, it is ubiquitous low molecular aliphatic amines generated in organism metabolism. Spermine exists lowly in creatures, but it is a necessary conditioning agent to synthesis proteins and nucleic acid in human, animal and microbe. Any rapid growth organizations, such as fetal liver, infant gastrointestinal tract and cancer cells, may obviously increase with spermine synthesis and exudation. It is former than synthesis of DNA, RNA and proteins. Most biological functions of spermine is established on the electrostatic reaction base of negatively charged film between DNA, RNA and protein. Recently, many studies demonstrate, spermine effects greatly on intestinal cells reproduction and wound healing, suitable dose of spermine can improve infant physiological and biochemical functions into adult’s level. 

Spermine is widely regarded as cell starting agent, which is related with cell reproduction, differentiation and apoptosis, and it can strongly effect the metabolism of DNA, RNA and proteins. 

In vitro study shows spermidine and spermine are related with cell cycle, they are needed from G1 phase to S phase. After stimulated by mitotic agent, concentration of spermine in cells increase by addition of DNA, RNA and proteins synthesis. 

The special structure of spermine makes phosphonic acid groups connected with each other, and form a stable double helix structure, it is called ion-bridging model. (Hermann, 1998) Spermine is able to concentrate DNA, and form cylindrical super-soleniods. It can makes DNA against the effect of Dnase enzyme, increase initiation efficacy of DNA synthesis and specific synthesis.

For infancy animals, gut is in early development, intestinal mucous membrane epithelial cells reproduce quickly, it has high turnover rate and high metabolism.

Intestinal mucous membrane epithelial cells has high content of spermine, and it increase with cell reproduction and differentiation.

The reproduction, differentiation and transfer of pit cells are the physiology and pathologic basis of self repair and self update after mucous injury of intestine mucous cells. Spermine plays an important role in this process.

Spermidine is able to inhibit the activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS).(Hu, 1994) In addition, In vitro spermidine can increase the life of yeast, wireworm, and drosophila, and it can also promote the activity of immune cells. The principle may be regulations gene expression. (Eisenberg,  2009)

Spermidine plays an important role in redox system in creatures. Spermine can be as free radical scavenger. (Carvalho, 2011)It can scavenge hydroxyl radicals, quench singlet oxygen in high concentration. (Das, 2004)

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Hermann T, Westhof E. Exploration of metal ion binding sites in RNA folds by Brownian-dynamics simulations.[J]. Structure, 1998, 6(10):1303-14.

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